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Ericksonian Hypnosis For Hypnotherapists -- Accessing Unconscious
Dynamical Behaviors of Rb-E2F Pathway Including Negative Feedback Loops Involving miR449.
MiRNAs, which are a family of small non-coding RNAs, regulate a broad array of physiological and developmental processes. However, their regulatory roles have remained largely mysterious. E2F is a positive regulator of cell cycle progression and also a potent inducer of apoptosis. Positive feedback loops in the regulation of Rb-E2F pathway are predicted and shown experimentally. Recently, it has been discovered that E2F induce a cluster of miRNAs called miR449. In turn, E2F is inhibited by miR449 through regulating different transcripts, thus forming negative feedback loops in the interaction network. Here, based on the integration of experimental evidence and quantitative data, we studied Rb-E2F pathway coupling the positive feedback loops and negative feedback loops mediated by miR449. Therefore, a mathematical model is constructed based in part on the model proposed in Yao-Lee et al. (2008) and nonlinear dynamical behaviors including the stability and bifurcations of the model are discussed. A comparison is given to reveal the implication of the fundamental differences of Rb-E2F pathway between regulation and deregulation of miR449. Coherent with the experiments it predicts that miR449 plays a critical role in regulating the cell cycle progression and provides a twofold safety mechanism to avoid excessive E2F-induced proliferation by cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Moreover, numerical simulation and bifurcation analysis shows that the mechanisms of the negative regulation of miR449 to three different transcripts are quite distinctive which needs to be verified experimentally. This study may help us to analyze the whole cell cycle process mediated by other miRNAs more easily. A better knowledge of the dynamical behaviors of miRNAs mediated networks is also of interest for bio-engineering and artificial control.
PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e43908. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043908. Epub 2012 Sep 18. Yan F, Liu H, Hao J, Liu Z. Department of Mathematics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, P. R. China ; Institute of System Biology, Shanghai University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
If you are overly obsessed about what may or may not happen tomorrow, you are totally missing the enjoyment of living each day of your wonderful life and depriving yourself of the excitement that your future may bring. Worrying never solved anything. In fact, it is probably is responsible for making your worst fears a reality.
Having a superior human brain means that you possess the wonderful abilities to anticipate what may happen and simulate it in your mind thousands of times before it actually happens. By the way, clinical hypnotherapists call this suggestion and imagination. These...
There are very few among us who actually enjoy the presence of spiders. However, when merely disliked of the spider produces such an intense physiological and psychological reaction, which is so extreme as to be out of proportion with the actual threat, then just possibly a phobic condition may exist. If so, then possibly assistance may be warranted.
Actually, the existence of spiders is critical to our own. Indeed, spiders perform several environmentally critical functions. In fact, at any one time there are spiders, which may be hidden from our awareness yet are serving a necessary...
When you look in the mirror, do you see you own worst critic? Yes, I know that you are aware of every failing, mistake, and goof that you’ve made during your life. Well, you are not alone. All of us see that person staring back at us. On the other hand, what you are probably not seeing are all the positive things that you have accomplished in your life. My favorite Christmas movie is It’s a Wonderful Life starring Jimmy Stewart and Donna Reid. For me the most memorable quote in the movie is when Clarence the angel sent to help the George Bailey, the main character who is played by...
